52nd LETTER

This letter, written to Sayyid Shaikh Ferîd, explains the evil of the nafs-i ammâra, the illness peculiar to it, and its medicine.

We have been honoured with reading your blessed letter, which you mercifully offered to your inferiors who pray for you. May Allâhu ta'âlâ, for the sake of your great ancestor (Muhammad) 'alaihis-salâm', increase your rewards, exalt your degree, enlarge your chest, which is a source of knowledge, and facilitate your work! May Allâhu ta'âlâ keep our body and soul in His way and forgive those who say "Âmîn" after our prayer! Âmîn. You complain about the existence of evil-spirited people who want to sow discord and arouse instigation among your officials. My dear son! Man's nafs-i ammâra has the ambition to seize a post, to come to the fore. Its only desire is to be the chief so that everybody will bow his head in front of it. It does not like to need anybody or to be under someone else's command. These desires of the nafs mean that it wants to be a god, an idol, so that everybody will worship it. It wants to be a partner with Allâhu ta'âlâ. Even more, the nafs is so base that it does not like partnership but wants to be the only ruler, commander, with everybody under its command. Allâhu ta'âlâ declares in a hadîth-i qudsî: "Bear hostility against your nafs! For, your nafs is My enemy." This means to say that to strengthen the nafs, to gratify its desires to obtain property, positions, ranks, to be superior to everybody and to abhor everybody, would mean to help and strengthen this enemy of Allâhu ta'âlâ; it should be realized what a terrible, horrible felony this is. Allâhu ta'âlâ declares in a hadîth-i qudsî: "Greatness, superiority are peculiar to Me. He who wants to be My partner in these two is My great enemy. Without pitying him, I shall fling him into Hell fire." [As is seen, such worldly wealths as property, rank, post, commandership and leadership should be desired not for following the nafs but for doing and practising Allah's commands, for serving people and Muslims. It will be a great act of worship to desire them with this intention and to do them.]

The reason why Allâhu ta'âlâ is hostile against the world, why the world is so base, is because it causes the nafs to get its desires and because it strengthens the nafs. He who helps the nafs, which is Allah's enemy, will certainly be Allah's enemy. Our Prophet praised being poor, for poverty does not allow the nafs to obtain its desires. It does not listen to it. It takes its conceit out of it. The sending of Prophets, the Sharî'at's commands and prohibitions are all intended to break the nafs, to crush it, and to prevent its excessive activities. The more the Sharî'at is obeyed, the fewer desires the nafs will have. It is for this reason that doing one command of the Sharî'at is more effective in annihilating the desires of the nafs than thousands of years of riyâzat and mujâhada done on one's own.

[Riyâzat means not to do the desires of the nafs. Mujâhada means to struggle against the nafs, to do what the nafs dislikes]. In fact, those riyâzats and mujâhadas that are not suitable with the Sharî'at augment the desires of the nafs. They cause it to become inordinate. The priests of Brahmin in India and the magicians called jukiyya went quite far into riyâzat and mujâhada; yet all these endeavours proved useless. In fact, they made their nafs even more thoroughgoing and outrageous.

[Irreligious people in India call the highest of the four spiritual classes Brahmin, which means the chief of the Hindu priestly caste of Brahmin. Jûkî is the name given to the dervishes of Hindu disbelievers.]

For example, giving one cent of zakat, which the Sharî'at commands, to people prescribed by the Sharî'at, destroys the nafs very much more than giving thousands of gold coins as alms or by doing favours on one's own. On the day of Bayram ('Iyd), eating and drinking instead of fasting, because the Sharî'at commands us to do so, is more useful than fasting for years. Performing the two rak'ats of morning prayer in jamâ'at is better than performing supererogatory prayers all night till morning and then (falling asleep and) not performing morning prayer in jamâ'at.

In short, unless the nafs is purified and wakes up from the dream of being a chief, being superior, it is impossible to escape perdition. Before going to endless death, it is necessary to consider saving the nafs from this illness. The blessed word Lâ ilâha il-l-Allah dispels all the mendacious idols inside and outside of man, and so it is the most useful, the most effective medicine for purifying the nafs. Great men of tasawwuf chose this word for the purification of the nafs. Translation of a Persian couplet:

If the nafs goes astray and becomes obstinate, it is necessary to refresh the îmân by expressing this word. Our Prophet stated "Renew your îmân by saying Lâ ilâha il-l-Allah!" It is always necessary to say it, for the nafs-i ammâre is always filthy. The following hadîth-i-sherîf states the virtues of this beautiful word of tawhîd: "If they put the earth and the heaven on one scale of the balance and this word of tawhîd on the other scale, certainly the scale on which this word is laid will weigh heavier."

Salâms to those who are on the right way and to those who follow the footsteps of Muhammad Mustafâ 'sall-Allâhu 'alaihi wa sallam'!